Le métier à tisser

Le métier à tisser - Mohammed Dib

Résumé éditeur

Omar, le jeune héros de La Grande Maison et de L’Incendie, est devenu un adolescent grave et réfléchi. Il fait son apprentissage chez les tisserands.

C’est dans un sous-sol à l’air raréfié, où la misère montre son visage émacié, qu’il va le mieux approcher du malheur secret de son pays. Nous sommes en 1940 et la guerre est encore trop loin pour que sa rumeur parvienne aux oreilles du jeune Omar.

Mais il écoutera les interminables discussions entre les tisserands toujours à l’affût d’une espérance ; il apprendra combien il est difficile au sein d’une communauté écrasée par le labeur, la faim, le dénuement, de relever le visage quand le soleil même le blesse.

Dans un décor déjà familier aux lecteurs de Mohammed Dib, c’est tout un peuple qui tend la main non pour mendier mais pour saisir une autre main fraternelle.

Lecture

On retrouve avec ce troisième opus de la trilogie algérienne, le ton de « L’incendie », du moins au début… Ce dernier volet de la trilogie se terminera en même temps que la guerre qui, depuis sa déclaration sert de toile de fond, et l’arrivée des Américains.

Omar a 13-14 ans. Il a dû renoncer aux études, la survie –la sienne et celle de sa famille- exige qu’il parvienne à gagner un peu d’argent. Comme dans les 2 volumes précédents, la misère la plus noire règne partout autour de lui. Elle empire même encore. Sous l’influence de la guerre, la misère s’accroît dans les campagnes, poussant vers les villes des hordes de mendiants mourant de faim et qu’elles ne peuvent intégrer. La mère du garçon finit par lui trouver un emploi d’aide dans un atelier de tisserands. C’est là dorénavant que nous allons le voir. Et ici encore, comme dans les précédents romans, en échange d’un travail qui leur prend tout leur temps, les ouvriers ne gagnent que de quoi survivre, engraissant un patron arabe qui ne travaille jamais et est lui-même totalement soumis aux colons. C’est le monde du travail adulte qui est ici découvert par notre Omar adolescent. Il se sépare de mère et sœurs pour se confronter à un monde d’hommes durs et assez impitoyables, d’autant plus durs qu’ils se méprisent eux-mêmes pour leur soumission à ces conditions de vie dégradantes.

L’atelier des tisserands est situé dans une espèce d’entresol où les aides doivent dévider le plus rapidement possible les fils dont les liciers ont besoin. Pendant que les bras de ces derniers travaillent sans relâche, travaillent aussi leurs langues et l’atelier est rarement silencieux. En permanence s’y tiennent de longues discussions qui sont autant de lamentations sur leurs sorts et de tentatives d’expliquer le monde et leurs vies. Les tisseurs ont pleinement conscience de leur misère et ne sont pas satisfaits de leur existence, pas plus qu’ils ne sont satisfaits de l’obséquiosité qu’ils sont constamment obligés de manifester tant au patron au travail, qu’aux autorités à l’extérieur. Ils se sentent constamment humiliés de la vie qu’ils mènent et qui n’ira encore qu’en se dégradant (avec la vieillesse et l’incapacité de travailler). Les discussions reprennent sans relâche entre les velléités de révolte sans épaisseur et la soumission totale, réconfortées chez certains par du sadisme sur les aides, chez d’autres par un « C’est Dieu qui nous a ordonné de vivre ainsi. » qui sous tous les climats et toutes les déités a toujours eu le même usage lénifiant.

On a parfois du mal à nous retrouver dans ces discussions des tisserands. Il a même semblé que les portraits des différents protagonistes, assez nombreux quand même, n’avaient pas été campés de façon suffisamment marquante dès le début pour que le lecteur puisse ensuite identifier facilement les caractéristiques de celui qui prenait la parole en dehors des 2-3 principaux, on manque de clarté dans cet atelier-cave avec une impression de ressasser – ce que font les exploités justement- même si l’auteur nous donne à voir les évolutions de quelques uns, cela seble se faire dans trop de verbiage.
C’est de tout cela qu’Omar est témoin (et victime) et c’est là qu’il fera ses Humanités.


Trilogie algérienne

1 – La grande maison
2 – L’incendie
3 – Le métier à tisser

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